THE IMPACT OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH: A STUDY OF SURVIVORS IN URBAN NIGERIA

THE IMPACT OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH: A STUDY OF SURVIVORS IN URBAN NIGERIA

Chapter One: Introduction

Background of the Study

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive global issue that affects millions of women annually, with significant implications for mental health. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 1 in 3 women globally have experienced either physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, often perpetrated by an intimate partner (WHO, 2017). In Nigeria, GBV is a critical public health concern, exacerbated by socio-cultural norms that perpetuate gender inequality and silence victims (Adejumo et al., 2020). Urban areas, though often associated with progress and modernization, are not immune to these challenges. In fact, urbanization in Nigeria has sometimes intensified the risks of GBV due to increased population density, poverty, and inadequate social services (Olayinka & Osayi, 2016).

 

The mental health consequences of GBV are profound and multifaceted, ranging from anxiety and depression to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal ideation (Garcia-Moreno et al., 2015). Survivors of GBV often experience a diminished sense of self-worth, chronic stress, and emotional instability, which can severely impair their quality of life (Abayomi et al., 2019). Despite the severe mental health implications, many women in Nigeria do not receive adequate psychological support due to stigma, lack of resources, and the prioritization of physical health over mental well-being in healthcare systems (Oladepo et al., 2021).

 

This study focuses on the experiences of women in urban Nigeria, where the intersection of GBV and mental health is particularly pronounced. In urban settings, the rapid pace of life, economic pressures, and social isolation can exacerbate the psychological impact of violence (Ibrahim et al., 2018). Moreover, the fear of stigmatization and the lack of accessible mental health services often leave survivors without the necessary support to recover (Oluwatosin & Olayinka, 2017). Understanding the specific challenges faced by GBV survivors in urban Nigeria is essential for developing effective interventions that address both the immediate and long-term mental health needs of these women.

 

Statement of the Problem

Despite the growing recognition of the impact of GBV on women's mental health, there remains a significant gap in addressing the psychological needs of survivors in urban Nigeria. While numerous studies have documented the prevalence of GBV and its physical consequences, the mental health aspect is often underexplored, particularly in the context of urban environments where unique stressors may exacerbate the psychological toll of violence (Ibrahim et al., 2018). Furthermore, the societal stigma associated with mental health issues, combined with inadequate mental health infrastructure, means that many survivors do not seek or receive the care they need, leading to prolonged suffering and further entrenching the cycle of violence and mental health deterioration (Oladepo et al., 2021).

 

This study seeks to address these gaps by focusing on the lived experiences of GBV survivors in urban Nigeria, exploring the specific ways in which violence impacts their mental health, and identifying barriers to accessing mental health support. The research will provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between GBV and mental health, shedding light on the urgent need for integrated support systems that cater to the psychological as well as the physical well-being of survivors.

 

Objectives of the Study

To investigate the psychological impact of gender-based violence on women in urban Nigeria, focusing on common mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

To identify the barriers faced by GBV survivors in urban Nigeria in accessing mental health services.

To explore the role of socio-cultural factors in shaping the mental health outcomes of GBV survivors in urban Nigeria.

 

Research Questions

What are the most common mental health issues experienced by survivors of gender-based violence in urban Nigeria?

What barriers do survivors of gender-based violence face in accessing mental health services in urban Nigeria?

How do socio-cultural factors influence the mental health outcomes of gender-based violence survivors in urban Nigeria?

 

Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several stakeholders. For policymakers, it provides evidence-based insights that can inform the development of comprehensive GBV response strategies, particularly in urban areas where the challenges are distinct. Healthcare providers will benefit from a deeper understanding of the mental health needs of GBV survivors, enabling them to offer more holistic and culturally sensitive care. For non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy groups, the findings will support efforts to raise awareness and advocate for improved mental health services for survivors. Lastly, the study contributes to academic literature by filling a gap in the research on the intersection of GBV and mental health in urban Nigeria.

 

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of this study is limited to urban areas in Nigeria, focusing specifically on women who have survived gender-based violence. While the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mental health impacts of GBV in these settings, it is limited by factors such as the availability of data, the willingness of survivors to participate in the research, and the potential biases that may arise from self-reported experiences. Additionally, the study's focus on urban areas means that the findings may not be fully generalizable to rural contexts, where the dynamics of GBV and mental health may differ.

 

Definitions of the Study

Gender-Based Violence (GBV): Any harmful act directed at an individual based on their gender, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse.

Mental Health: A state of well-being in which an individual realizes their own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to their community.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event, either experiencing it or witnessing it, leading to flashbacks, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

 

References

Abayomi, O., Olusegun, O., & Oluwatosin, A. (2019). Psychological Impact of Gender-Based Violence on Women: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(5), 921-935.

Adejumo, A. O., Ilesanmi, O. S., & Oladapo, O. T. (2020). Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria: A Critical Review. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 24(2), 15-25.

Garcia-Moreno, C., Zimmerman, C., & Watts, C. (2015). Gender-Based Violence and Mental Health. Lancet Psychiatry, 2(4), 241-243.

Ibrahim, J., Salawu, A. T., & Lawal, M. A. (2018). Urbanization, Gender-Based Violence, and Mental Health in Nigeria. Urban Health Journal, 12(3), 212-223.

Oladepo, O., Yusuf, O. B., & Arulogun, O. S. (2021). Addressing Mental Health Needs of Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities. BMC Women's Health, 21(1), 1-10.

Olayinka, I. A., & Osayi, B. C. (2016). Urbanization and Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria: The Paradox of Progress. Journal of Gender Studies, 25(6), 645-658.

Oluwatosin, A. B., & Olayinka, J. A. (2017). Stigma and Mental Health Service Utilization Among Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Urban Nigeria. International Journal of Mental Health, 46(2), 105-119.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Violence Against Women: Key Facts. WHO.